With the rapid upgrading of electronic devices, the number of discarded printed circuit boards (PCBs) and integrated circuits (ICs) has surged. How to recycle and process these electronic waste efficiently and environmentally friendly has become a global focus of attention. PCBs and integrated circuits not only contain valuable metals such as gold, silver, and copper, but also harmful substances like lead, mercury, and brominated flame retardants. If improperly handled, they will cause serious harm to the environment and human health. At present, recycling and processing mainly fall into three categories: physical, chemical, and biological technologies. The physical method separates metals and non-metallic materials through steps such as crushing and sorting; the chemical method extracts precious metals using techniques such as acid leaching and electrolysis; and biological technology, as an emerging method, relies on specific microorganisms to adsorb or dissolve metals. Although it has not been widely applied yet, it shows great potential for green recycling. Regardless of the technology used, achieving resource recycling and harmless processing is the core goal. For enterprises and society, promoting the construction of professional recycling systems, strengthening investment in technological research and development, and raising public awareness of environmental protection are important measures to implement circular economy. Only by combining technological upgrading with responsible management can we turn electronic waste into a valuable resource and inject momentum into sustainable development.